How to Register a Company in the UK (Step by Step)

1. Choose a company name and check it is available

Your first task is to pick a name that is unique and not already registered. Search the BizLookup company search or the Companies House register to make sure no identical or very similar name exists. The name must end in "Limited" or "Ltd" (or the Welsh equivalents) and must not contain "sensitive" words such as "Royal" or "Bank" without permission. Avoid names that are too close to an existing trade mark, as you could be asked to change it later. It is also worth checking that a matching domain name and social handles are free before you commit.

2. Decide between a limited company and sole trader

Before you register, be sure that a limited company is the right structure for you. A limited company is a separate legal entity, which means your personal assets are generally protected if the business runs into trouble. A sole trader is simpler to set up but carries unlimited personal liability. There are also differences in tax, paperwork and how you take money out of the business. Our guide on limited company vs sole trader explains the trade-offs in detail, and you can compare the full range of structures in our company types overview.

3. Gather what you need to register

To incorporate a private limited company you need at least one director (aged 16 or over) and at least one shareholder, who can be the same person. You will be asked for each person's full name, date of birth, nationality and a service address, along with details of the shares being issued. You also need a registered office address in the UK, which becomes part of the public record, and a SIC code that describes what your business does. Finally, you must supply three pieces of personal information for identity checks, such as town of birth, mother's maiden name or National Insurance number.

4. Register with Companies House or use a formation agent

You can register directly with Companies House through their online service, which is the cheapest route. You complete the form, choose your standard share structure and pay the fee, and your certificate of incorporation usually arrives within 24 hours. Alternatively, a formation agent handles the paperwork for you and often bundles in extras such as a registered office address, a business bank account referral and ongoing compliance reminders. Agents cost more but can be useful if you want guidance or a non-residential address. Either way, you will provide the same core information about directors, shareholders and the registered office.

5. Understand the costs and timescales

Registering online with Companies House is inexpensive and is typically completed within one working day, sometimes within hours. Postal applications are cheaper still per the official fee but take roughly eight to ten days. Formation agents charge a package fee that varies depending on the services included. Remember that incorporation is only the starting cost: you should also budget for accountancy support, business insurance and, if relevant, VAT registration. Keeping these ongoing commitments in mind helps you avoid surprises in your first year of trading.

6. What happens after incorporation

Once incorporated, you receive a certificate showing your unique company number and incorporation date. You must then register for Corporation Tax with HMRC, usually within three months of starting to trade, and set up business records and a separate bank account. Going forward you are responsible for filing an annual confirmation statement and annual accounts, keeping your registered details up to date, and reporting any changes such as new directors or a change of address. Staying on top of these duties keeps your company in good standing on the public register and avoids penalties.